Investigating the understanding of oral hygiene instructions depending on the preferred method of education used by dental professionals among young adults in Malta

Abstract

Introduction: Effective methods for delivering health education is essential in promoting oral health practices and enhancing knowledge retention across various populations. Young adults, particularly, face challenges in maintaining health routines, often due to lifestyle factors. As digital media becomes a primary source for health information, it is important to examine how traditional educational tools, like printed materials, compare to digital forms of education such as recorded videos that could be uploaded online, in terms of engagement, comprehension, and long-term retention of health practices. Identifying the most impactful methods can assist public health strategies, contributing to more tailored and effective health interventions that align with the preferences and needs of diverse demographics. Aims: The primary aim of this study is to assess the most effective method for delivering oral hygiene education to young adults in Malta. Specifically, the research seeks to (1) evaluate the level of understanding and retention of oral hygiene instructions following education through recorded video and leaflets, (2) compare the comprehension of oral health terminology across both methods, and (3) determine young adults’ preferred method for receiving oral health information. These objectives aim to identify an optimal educational approach for improving oral hygiene practices within this demographic. Methodology & Results: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted of 137 participants (mean ages: 18-24) in Malta between March - June. Participants were randomly selected, provided they met the inclusion criteria and gave informed consent to participate in the study. Participants initially completed a structured pre-intervention questionnaire assessing their baseline knowledge and practices related to oral health and hygiene. They were then allowed to select their preferred educational method, either a recorded video or a leaflet, both designed to deliver identical, evidence-based oral health content. Following the intervention, the participants completed the questionnaire, the post-intervention section to measure changes in understanding and knowledge retention. The data revealed that the majority of participants opted for the recorded video, indicating a stronger preference among young adults for digital educational media. Statistically significant associations were observed between the intervention method and specific oral health behaviours, such as flossing frequency and perceived causes of dental issues, supporting the effectiveness of video-based education in influencing oral hygiene practices. In addition, several significant associations were found between demographic factors, such as age and gender, and pre-intervention responses to the questionnaire. For instance, gender was significantly related to the responses on brushing duration and flossing daily, while age was associated with preferences for toothpaste type, and toothbrush type. Conclusion: The study concludes that digital media platforms offer a more effective and preferred approach to oral hygiene education for young adults in Malta. These findings suggest that digital tools could play a pivotal role in public oral health initiatives, helping to bridge knowledge gaps while aligning with the environmental goals of sustainable healthcare practices. By tailoring oral health education to meet the needs and preferences of young adults, this research contributes valuable insights for the development of targeted, evidence-based educational interventions in oral public health.