Evaluating how awareness influences public perceptions of fluoride among residents in Malta

Abstract

Introduction: Fluoride is important for all age groups, and it should be used by everyone, in moderation. It has a crucial role in protecting our teeth. The use of fluoride is a very controversial topic around the world, for one reason or another. In Malta, there are still many residents who do not know much about fluoride, as there needs to be more fluoride awareness. The lack of fluoride use can lead to a number of oral health issues and thus more people need to be aware of it. Aims: The aim and objective of this research is to investigate whether the knowledge of fluoride will affect the people living in Malta’s perception of it, especially since there is evidence that supports this in other countries. Furthermore, the questionnaire inherently promotes fluoride awareness, by encouraging the participants to research and learn more about it. Methodology and Results: The results were obtained via means of a questionnaire that was posted on social media. A total of 222 participants filled in the questionnaire in both English (n=205) and Maltese (n=17). The findings revealed that while many participants had heard about fluoride and were aware of some of its benefits, a large proportion lacked comprehensive knowledge. Specifically, gaps were seen in understanding fluoride dosages (p=0.001), fluoride-containing products (p=<0.001), and conditions such as fluorosis (p=<0.001). A significant relationship was identified between knowledge and perception. Participants who claimed to have greater knowledge tended to have a more positive view of fluoride and were more likely to use it. However, uncertainty remained, especially regarding fluoride use in children (p=<0.001) and water fluoridation (p=<0.001), and thus suggests for more education and awareness. Conclusion: The study concludes that while many are aware of fluoride, significant knowledge gaps still negatively influence public perception and acceptance of it. To improve the use of fluoride and ultimately the oral health in Malta, it is crucial to address these gaps through education, outreaches, and open communication. The findings highlight the need for dental professionals to actively enhance public knowledge and perceptions regarding fluoride, given its significant role in oral health.