From struggle to strength : the lived experience of bonding with babies in the perinatal period following a period of infertility an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Abstract

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of women who conceived following infertility, focusing on their bonding with their baby during the perinatal period. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data. In-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with mothers. The sample consisted of six women. Recruitment was done through purposeful sampling through Facebook groups as well as through the Gynaecology Outpatients Ward. Six Group Existential Themes (GETs) were elicited through the data analysis: the toll of the infertility experience, consisting of the loss of control, body failure and self-blame; the theme of loss consisting of identity, phantasy and physical losses; challenges including social comparison and pressure, lack of support and birth trauma; infant bonding in pregnancy post-birth and post-partum; mental health including depression and anxiety; and coping including support, interventions, avoidance, reassurance and gratitude. The findings revealed infertility’s lasting psychological impact that often extended into pregnancy and postpartum, affecting bonding, identity, and mental health. While some mothers reported deep gratitude and strong attachment, others experienced delayed bonding, anxiety, and emotional distress, especially when compounded by birth trauma or postpartum depression. Infertility heightened fears during pregnancy and delivery, leading to hypervigilance and a deep fear of loss. Support from partners, professionals, and mental health services was vital, yet many still faced isolation, social pressure, and unrealistic expectations. The study underscores the need for trauma-informed, emotionally sensitive, and individualised, supportive care for mothers with a history of infertility.