Health literacy, self-management and glycaemic control in persons living with type 2 diabetes mellitus : a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Aims. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between health literacy and diabetes self-management and control among adults living with type 2 diabetes. Methods. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 381 participants from diabetes clinics. The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire and the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire-Revised were used to collect data. HbA₁꜀ levels provided a measure of blood glucose control. Multiple regression and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to identify the predictors of health literacy and its relationship with diabetes self-management and HbA₁꜀. Results. Nearly half (47%; n=179) the participants had inadequate health literacy; 40% (n=154) had sufficient health literacy. The most significant predictors of health literacy were educational level, household monthly net income and family history of diabetes. Medication taking was the strongest aspect of self-management. Only 27% of participants had good glycaemic control; 26% had poor glycaemic control. Health literacy was significantly positively related to diabetes self-management and negatively related to HbA₁꜀ levels. Conclusions. Health literacy is important in encouraging self-management and maintaining good diabetes control. All health care professionals coming in contact with persons living with diabetes should assess health literacy to identify those at risk of experiencing challenges with self-management and glycaemic control.