Place attachment and coastal flood risk perceptions among Maltese business communities

Abstract

This study examines the influence of place attachment on the willingness of coastal business owners in the Maltese Islands to adapt to climate change. Climate change poses a significant threat to coastal communities through rising sea levels and storm surge inundation. The success of future climate adaptation strategies hinges on the cooperation of these communities. Using a mixed-methods approach, elevational data of coastal businesses across five selected localities was gathered to assess their physical vulnerability. This was followed by surveys with business owners and government representatives to understand behavioral factors. The findings reveal that business owners’ strong attachment to the coast is heavily influenced by key socioeconomic factors, including their location’s tourism value, high customer demand, and family inheritance. Despite their awareness of climate-related risks, coastal business owners showed a comparatively lower perception of the threat and no tangible intention to implement long-term protective measures. These results suggest that cultural and economic ties often outweigh rational risk assessments, reinforcing a resistance to relocation. Given the urgent need for a nationwide climate strategy, further research and collaboration among various coastal user groups are essential to better understand stakeholder behavior and develop effective, location-based solutions.