Preserving the skeletons in our historic closet

Abstract

Historical collections frequently contain artefacts composed of bone, including significant osteological collections such as those housed at the National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta, Malta. This paper introduces the scope of these Maltese collections, which range from ‘elongated skulls’ to bone-clad artefacts and modern artistic pieces. It primarily discusses the conservation and ethical considerations pertinent to human bone recovered from archaeological contexts, with recommendations applicable to all skeletal materials (bone, ivory, antler, etc.). The composition and structure of bone are reviewed alongside common deterioration factors. Emphasis is placed on the crucial need for improved documentation, storage, and handling protocols, stressing the role of the archaeological conservator in minimising post-excavation decay. Finally, the paper details recommended environmental parameters and scientific analysis techniques essential for the long-term preservation and sustainable access to these valuable historical remains.