Bridging the digital divide in the global south through the global digital compact

Abstract

The persistent digital divide poses a significant challenge to global equality and sustainable development, especially in developing countries. This study examines whether the Global Digital Compact (GDC) can help reduce these inequalities by achieving universal meaningful connectivity and promoting inclusive digital transformation. Using established development theories - Modernisation, Dependency, and the Capability Approach - this analysis goes beyond simple access issues to explore the complex nature of digital inequality. Data from major international organisations shows continuing gaps in infrastructure, affordability, skills, and internet use, particularly affecting vulnerable groups in the Global South. This research argues that for the GDC to achieve real change, it must move beyond inspiring statements to genuine power-sharing, prioritising local, community-led initiatives with strong financial and political support. The analysis identifies critical challenges including the 'capability trap', where skills lack opportunities for application, and the 'implementation cascade', where governance failures trigger systemic barriers across infrastructure, affordability, and human capital development. Whilst the GDC sets out ambitious goals and supports multi-stakeholder partnerships and digital public goods, its non-binding status, funding shortages, and political complications hinder effective implementation. The research reveals an intersectional blind spot in addressing compounded marginalisation and highlights unresolved tensions in global data governance. The study concludes that although the GDC provides an important normative framework, its success relies on sustained, people-focused action. This requires governments, civil society, and development partners working together, turning broad principles into specific, locally relevant policies that address systemic interdependencies rather than isolated symptoms.