Experts' perspectives on youth radicalisation in Malta

Abstract

This research explores the factors contributing to youth radicalisation in Malta, focusing on the social, psychological, and environmental influences that shape adolescent vulnerability to extremist ideologies. It seeks to understand why some youths may be attracted to radical narratives, particularly within a local context that has received limited scholarly attention. Using a qualitative design, the study draws on expert interviews with nine professionals from education, criminology, psychology, law enforcement and policymaking. Thematic analysis was employed to examine how radicalisation is understood, which push and pull factors are perceived as most influential and how experts believe vulnerable youths can be supported. As part of this research process, a conceptual mind map was developed to visually represent the core dynamics influencing radicalisation across different stages of youth development. Findings indicate that Islamist and Far-right ideologies emerged as primary concerns among professionals, alongside rising concerns about misogyny, homophobia, and other emerging manifestations of intolerance and extremist sentiment. Participants also emphasised the influence of online content, perceived identity-based grievances, and social alienation as contributing factors. Prevention was viewed as most effective when grounded in education, early intervention, and stronger inter-agency collaboration across institutions. The research suggests that radicalisation in Malta is shaped by both individual vulnerabilities and broader systematic pressures. It concludes that addressing these challenges requires a more coordinated, youth-focused approach that reflects the specific realities of the local context. These findings have important implications for enhancing early intervention through crime prevention strategies, strengthening professional training, and informing more effective policies aimed at reducing the risk of youth radicalisation.