Iron deficiency anaemia in maternal health

Abstract

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common haematological disorder in pregnancy and contributes significantly to maternal and neonatal complications. Increased iron requirements, inadequate dietary intake, and socio-economic factors place pregnant women at higher risk, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This narrative review summarises current evidence on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, complications, and management of IDA in pregnancy. Key findings highlight the importance of early detection, appropriate screening, and timely intervention through oral or intravenous iron supplementation. Preventive strategies, including dietary education, supplementation, and food fortification, are effective in reducing maternal IDA. Challenges remain in screening, diagnosis, and adherence, especially due to physiological changes in pregnancy and variability in ferritin thresholds. Addressing IDA during pregnancy improves maternal health, supports fetal development, and reduces long-term risks for the child, making it a critical public health priority.