Alzheimer’s disease : from biomarkers to disease-modifying therapies

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is one of the leading causes of dementia and has caused a high socioeconomic burden. Its pathophysiology is complex, with abnormal protein pathology and neuroinflammation as central drivers of neurodegeneration. In recent years, there has been an evolution from clinical to biomarker-based diagnostics, incorporating research frameworks and A/T/N classification, enabling early diagnosis of AD. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been developed and are still being researched. Moreover, combination therapies are being researched, hopefully giving better clinical outcomes. This literature review provides an overview of AD from its biomarkers to DMTs.