Experiencing the dissolution of a romantic relationship in older adulthood : an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Abstract

This study explored the lived experience of romantic relationship dissolution (RRD) in older adulthood, a phenomenon that remains under-researched both locally and internationally. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews with five Maltese participants aged 65-75 years and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings highlighted the emotional complexity of romantic relationships and their endings in older adulthood. Participants initially experienced positive features of their romantic relationship, such as shared pastimes. As time progressed, a recognition of relational imbalance, betrayal, entrapment and emotional disconnection prompted deeper self-reflection and a reassessment of their emotional and relational needs. Ending their romantic relationships disrupted the participants’ lives across multiple domains, including their routines and social connections, leaving them grappling with feelings of loss and self-doubt. Despite these challenges, the participants described a process of growth, positioning RRD as both a site of vulnerability and an opportunity for renewed autonomy. Rebuilding social support networks, engaging in community organisations, and pursuing new hobbies were described as beneficial strategies when navigating the aftermath of a RRD, as were adopting goal-directed actions and using emotional coping techniques like positive self-talk. The future was not seen as a threat, but as an opportunity to redefine life on one’s own terms. The findings underscore the importance of therapeutic interventions that assist older clients in adapting to the broader psychosocial consequences following a RRD, including disruptions to social networks, while fostering confidence in their decision-making to reduce potential self-doubt. Psychoeducation and public health promotion focusing on the development and maintenance of healthy romantic connections across the lifespan may help sustain mutually satisfying relationships in older adulthood. Future research on the prevalence of RRD in older adulthood in Malta is warranted. Such research should incorporate underrepresented romantic relationship types identified in the literature, such as shorter-term or non-marital romantic relationships and re-partnering in later life, to capture a broader range of experiences within the local context.