Modern honey-based delivery systems for wound healing : a review of current trends and future perspectives

Abstract

Honey is a multifunctional therapeutic agent in wound management with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and tissue-regenerative properties. Direct application is limited by high viscosity, variability in composition and instability of bioactive compounds. Advances in biomaterials engineering have enabled the development of honey-based delivery platforms such as nanoparticles, electrospun nanofibers and hydrogels, which improve stability, retention at the wound site and provide controlled release. The review offers a comprehensive overview of honey’s wound-healing mechanisms, evaluates diverse delivery strategies and compares their structural and functional characteristics. Nanoparticles enable targeted delivery and synergistic antimicrobial effects, electrospun mats mimic the extracellular matrix with tunable porosity and hydrogels maintain a moist healing environment with high adaptability. Key challenges include achieving standardization, enhancing mechanical properties and optimizing sterilization methods. Future perspectives emphasize integrating honey-based systems with smart sensors, advanced bioprinting and multifunctional composites to achieve personalized and responsive wound care.