Lesbian couples' experiences of maternity care

Abstract

Increasing international visibility of diverse family structures has drawn attention to the persistence of heteronormative assumptions within maternity care. Research indicates that lesbian couples frequently encounter inconsistent recognition, exclusionary language, and unequal inclusion across perinatal services. In Malta, although significant progress has been made in LGBTQ+ rights, no research has yet examined the maternity care experiences of lesbian couples. This study addresses that gap by exploring how lesbian couples in Malta experience pregnancy, childbirth, and early postnatal care.

This study aimed to explore the maternity care experiences of lesbian couples in Malta. Specifically, it examined their experiences during the antenatal, intrapartum, and early postpartum periods; the feelings evoked while receiving care; their particular needs and preferences; and the meanings they attributed to these experiences.

A qualitative research design informed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed. Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were conducted with five lesbian couples who were at least 18 years old, were first-time parents, and had given birth in Malta within the previous three years. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to IPA principles, with Queer Theory informing interpretation.

Three overarching themes emerged: Navigating Maternity Care, Recognition as a Legitimate Family, and Language and Belonging. While many participants described aspects of care as inclusive and supportive, heteronormative structures remained embedded within maternity services, particularly in documentation practices and professional language. This study offers the first empirical insight into the maternity care experiences of lesbian couples in Malta and highlights the need for more inclusive policies, language, and practices within maternity care.