Chronic regional pain syndrome : emerging insights and established concepts

Abstract

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic and debilitating pain condition primarily affecting the limbs. It is characterized by hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain) and allodynia (pain from non-painful stimuli), often accompanied by sensory, autonomic, motor, and trophic abnormalities. CRPS commonly follows extremity trauma or surgery but remains underreported due to diagnostic challenges and lack of awareness. Misdiagnosis with neuropathic pain syndromes often delays treatment. The introduction of the Budapest Criteria in 2003 has significantly improved diagnostic clarity and remains the gold standard for CRPS diagnosis globally. Patient education plays a crucial role in early identification, adherence to treatment plans, and coping strategies. Empowering patients with knowledge about CRPS may improve outcomes and reduce fear-avoidance behaviours.