Polish students’ perceptions of the correctional justice system

Abstract

This dissertation explores perceptions of the correctional system in Poland, focusing on how its purpose and effectiveness are understood by university students. Within criminology, corrections refer to the institutions and practices used to manage individuals following conviction, including imprisonment, probation and rehabilitation programmes. While policy frameworks present the system as balancing punishment with rehabilitation, existing research suggests that this balance is often difficult to achieve in practice, raising questions about how these aims are interpreted by the public. Using qualitative semi-structured interviews with Polish university students, this study examines whether the correctional system is perceived as primarily punitive or rehabilitative, as well as the factors shaping these views. The research also considers attitudes towards reintegration and the extent to which stigma and social barriers are seen as influencing outcomes for former offenders. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key patterns across participants’ responses and to explore underlying assumptions about the role of corrections. Findings indicate that participants tend to view the system as predominantly punitive, with limited confidence in its ability to support rehabilitation. Concerns were raised regarding insufficient support within prison, as well as significant barriers following release, particularly in relation to employment and social acceptance. These perceptions reflect broader structural issues identified in the literature and point to a disconnect between policy objectives and how the system is experienced or understood. Overall, the study highlights the importance of examining public perceptions of corrections, particularly among younger generations. As future contributors to social and political discourse, students’ views may influence ongoing debates around punishment, rehabilitation and criminal justice reform, emphasising the need for greater alignment between policy intentions and public understanding.