Exploring the link between drug abuse and domestic violence

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between drug abuse and domestic violence in the Maltese context. While drug use alone does not necessarily cause domestic violence, existing research suggests that it may increase the likelihood of aggression, reduce inhibitions and impair judgement, which may escalate conflicts within intimate and family relationships. Participants emphasised that certain substances particularly alcohol and stimulants such as cocaine, are frequently associated with aggressive behaviour and impulsive actions that may contribute to violent incidents. The findings also highlighted the psychological and behavioural factors associated with drug abuse. Participants explained that addiction may lead to emotional distress, mental health difficulties and behavioural changes, which can intensify tension within family environments. In some cases, individuals may turn to drugs as a coping mechanism for dealing with stress or personal difficulties, especially those arising from a domestic violence relationship. Furthermore, the study revealed that stigma, fear of judgement and concerns about family reputation may discourage victims from reporting domestic violence or seeking help, especially within close-knit communities such as those found in Malta. To investigate these phenomena semi-structured interviews were used with six professionals working in areas related to domestic violence, addiction and social support services. A qualitative research approach was adopted to explore the participants’ experiences and perspectives in depth. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, which enabled the identification of several key themes related to the relationship between drug abuse and domestic violence. The findings of this study suggest that the relationship between drug abuse and domestic violence is complex and influenced by multiple social, psychological and cultural factors. Overall, the results support existing research which indicates that there is a link between drug abuse and domestic violence, as drugs may intensify conflict and aggressiveness, which all increase the risk of domestic violence within intimate and family relationships.