Women’s recovery from abusive relationships : a critical review of existing literature

Abstract

Domestic violence (DV) is a widespread social issue with long-term psychological, social, and structural consequences. While existing research has extensively examined the causes and dynamics of abuse, less attention has been paid to the process of recovery from abusive relationships. This study aims to critically examine the ways in which women recover from abusive intimate relationships, with a particular focus on the dynamics of abuse, barriers to leaving, and factors that shape recovery. The research adopts a qualitative desk-based approach, drawing on secondary data from peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books, and authoritative references. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify recurring patterns and key themes across the literature. The analysis is guided by two theoretical frameworks: Coercive Control Theory and Posttraumatic Development Theory, which provide insights into both the mechanisms of abuse and the processes of recovery. Findings demonstrate that abusive relationships are maintained through mechanisms such as coercive control, trauma bonding, and emotional dependency, which contribute to the entrapment of women. Leaving these relationships is often a complex and gradual process influenced by structural, social, and psychological barriers, including financial dependence, fear of retaliation, and limited institutional support. Furthermore, recovery is shown to be non-linear, involving both ongoing challenges and opportunities for resilience and personal growth. Access to support systems, including social networks and professional services, is recognised as a key factor in facilitating recovery. This study highlights the importance of understanding recovery as a multifaceted and ongoing process rather than a single event. It contributes to the existing literature by incorporating different perspectives on abuse and recovery. It also highlights the need for more comprehensive support systems and future research that addresses the diverse experiences of victims.