Renewable energy sources and green transformation : mapping research trends, policies, and financial instruments

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study provides a comprehensive overview of research on the role of renewable energy sources (RES) in the green transformation of economies. It identifies major research trends, thematic areas, and the role of financial mechanisms, including subsidies, tax incentives, and investments, in supporting the transition to low-carbon economies.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A systematic literature review based on Snyder's framework was conducted using Web of Science publications (2006-2025). Bibliometric and multivariate methods, including VOSviewer keyword co-occurrence analysis, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), and Ward's hierarchical clustering, were applied to identify thematic clusters and research patterns.

FINDINGS: Scientific interest in renewable energy has grown significantly, particularly after 2020. Three thematic clusters emerged: renewable energy technologies, EU energy policy and security, and sustainable development with energy transition. Three publication groups focused on financial support mechanisms, green technologies outside Europe, and European transition strategies. Financial instruments increasingly complement technological innovation and policy measures in advancing energy transition.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings support policymakers, financial institutions, investors, and researchers by identifying effective financing instruments, research priorities, and policy directions for sustainable energy transition.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study advances literature by integrating the financial dimension into bibliometric research on renewable energy and green transformation, highlighting interactions among innovation, financing mechanisms, and public policy.