Social nonfamilial intergenerational relations on a small island : a case study

Abstract

This research examined the nature and quality of nonfamilial intergenerational relations in a small island setting in the United States of America. Intergenerational relationships (both familial and nonfamilial) have been the cornerstone of ageing policy since the Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing (United Nations, 1983) and the subsequent Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (United Nations, 2002a) years later. These Plans delineated priority considerations for future ageing policy. The changing global demographic has given rise to the need to examine the mechanisms by which society will ensure the active participation of all its citizens, as envisioned by early ageing scholars. The collaborative exchange between generations at large has emerged as a critical component to ensuring the equitable measures necessary to ensure such an all inclusive society. A qualitative inquiry utilizing semi-structured interviews was undertaken to provide a deeper understanding of the nature and character of the nonfamilial intergenerational relations in a small island context. The Case study method proved to be a valuable methodology to gain such understanding and shed light on the complexities of these relations, and the external factors which impact them. Sixteen islanders over 60 years old, who had lived on island for over five years, participated in the study. The study revealed that the older participants relations with younger generations were primarily characterized by interdependence inextricably linked to their ability to remain on island for the remainder of their lives (a desired result for the majority of participants). The opportunities for interaction with younger generations were limited and principally occurred during pre-planned all island events. The older participants’ views of the younger generations were also multidimensional in that they expressed delight and pride with the younger islanders, but also angst about their perception of differing value systems alongside the practical realities of economic survival. Participants expressed deep personal connections primarily with their peers, and a more practical aspect of their relations with younger islanders. The findings suggest that the complexity of the nonfamilial intergenerational dynamic is tied to an economic interdependence. This was apparent in the reported need for older people to rely upon younger people to perform certain physical tasks for them as they become less able to do so. According to the participants, the younger islanders in turn required an economic incentive to remain or settle on such a remote island. This interplay appeared complicated by the participant’s perceptions that the younger generations did not fully embrace the type of lifestyle they embraced and were invested in preserving. The study suggested that the need for deeper understanding of the multidimensional aspect of the nonfamilial intergenerational relation is an important next step in determining the optimal ways in which older people may engage with younger people relative to practical realities. It will also be important to further understand the differing perceptions of priorities. These differing priorities may play a critical role in policy making that likely is spearheaded by younger generations, but will have significant impact on older people. Specifically, economic equity may be a reachable goal if we continue to enhance our understanding of the complexities of the interactions between generations. Thus, the character of nonfamilial intergenerational relations will be an ongoing important component in determining older persons’ ability to obtain the support necessary to age in place, and to live their lives in accordance with the principles of a Society for All Ages.