Pollution of Maltese coastal waters.

Abstract

Coastal zones are areas of intense activity. They support unique aquatic ecosystems which have interlinked on-shore and off-shore components. These water-dependent habitats, requiring au intricate mesh of saline and freshwater, are important for their recreational, aesthetic and scientific value. Marine and coastal ecosystems, particularly wetlands and sea-grass beds, are important grounds and nurseries for many species and have a high value for conservation and preservation of biodiversity. Coastal areas are also characterised by intense human activity, which like the natural environment, has on-shore and off-shore interdependence. Coastal resources are used and exploited for economic and social purposes such as urbanisation, industry, recreation and transport. Such activities produce environmental impacts resulting in general coastal area degradation and coastal water pollution impacts resulting in general coastal area degradation and coastal water pollution.

Harmful impacts of human activities on coastal zones are evident world-wide, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. Malta, a tiny island in the middle of this vast basin, is contributing its share to coastal water pollution. Domestic and industrial sewage pollution from inland-based sources combine with oil-pollution from off-shore spills to degrade the quality of shore and in-bay waters. Certain species of sea-life once prolific along the local coastline, especially shellfish, have suffered decline through the degradation by pollution.