Roles of various professionals in the management of autism spectrum disorder in Malta

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the various roles and intervention approaches amongst professionals when working with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, in Malta. To fulfil this aim, the role and intervention approaches of various professionals including Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs), Occupational Therapists (OTs), Dietitians and State School Teachers, were investigated. Twenty-four participants completed an online questionnaire that targeted questions on various difficulties that are reported to occur in children with Autism, such as communication, sensory difficulties, feeding difficulties, and behaviour at school. Findings revealed that the most popular intervention approaches used by SLPs are direct intervention approaches, Applied Behaviour Analysis techniques, visual schedules/aids and Augmentative and Alternative Communication systems, especially with children who are non-verbal. When sensory and behavioural issues are present, SLPs work in close collaboration with OTs and dietitians. Dietitians collaborate with SLPs when oro-motor delays are evident whilst OTs work with SLPs and dietitians when communication, feeding and sensory difficulties are present. Both OTs and SLPs are involved in school meetings and both collaborate on strategies, with teachers, to facilitate and help the child in the school setting. However, this is not the case for dietitians. Communication and awareness of each other’s roles has evidently increased between professionals. Interprofessional collaboration using a multidisciplinary approach could ensure positive outcomes and success in the management of children with ASD.