Changes in the milk market in the United States on the background of the European Union and the world

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aim of the article was to learn and evaluate the development of the U.S. milk market.

DESIGN/APPROACH/METHODOLOGY: The study analyzed the number of dairy cows, milk yield of cows, milk production, import, export and consumption of milk and milk products in the USA. In the analysis of the research results, tabular, graphic and descriptive methods were used.

FINDINGS: United States (U.S.) dairy farms used to be most efficient in the world. The average herd of dairy cow is 115 head in the United States of America (USA) and 22 in the European Union (EU). The vast majority of cow’s milk production (85%) comes from dairy herds having more than 100 head. The analysis shows that the milk yield of cows and milk production in the USA increased, with a slight increase in the number of cows.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: During the analyzed period, the USA increased the consumption of dairy products, while the consumption of liquid milk has decreased.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE: In 2009-2018, the trade balance was positive Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method – CCR, BCC and NIRS model focused on input-oriented minimization were used.