Focal nodular hyperplasia

Abstract

Hepatic Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign lesion characterized by the proliferation of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells. The etiology remains unclear. However, the higher female preponderance and the fact that FNH may grow in size during pregnancy may suggest a hormonal influence. These tumors are typically discovered incidentally on ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. These imaging modalities reveal the characteristic “spoke-wheel” pattern of arterial enhancement, which is highly suggestive of FNH. Confir mation via histological examination may be necessary in cases of diagnostic uncertainty. In most instances, FNH is a benign and self-limited condition that does not necessitate treatment. However, surgical resection may be considered if the lesion is symptomatic or enlarging. Liver-sparing surgical techniques are preferred to preserve hepatic function. In conclusion, FNH is a benign hepatic lesion predominantly affecting women of childbearing age. Its characteristic radiological features and generally indolent course make it distinguishable from malignant liver lesions. Clinicians should consider conservative management and close monitoring in most cases, reserving surgical intervention for specific indications.