Is the medical curriculum failing patients with obesity? - A public health concern

Abstract

Despite the global surge in obesity, it often receives insufficient attention in medical curricula, potentially impacting its management. This study aims to assess the preparedness of medical students in managing obesity. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by disseminating a mixed-methods anonymous questionnaire to medical students studying at the University in Malta. A sample size of 117 participants was determined a-priori. Descriptive statistics and chi square testing were conducted. and coupled with thematic two-stage coding analysis of qualitative data. Results 189 participants were recruited. The majority expressed dissatisfaction with the teaching of obesity and its management during the MD course (pre-clinical = 90%; clinical = 74.4%, p = 0.006). Clinical students expressed dissatisfaction regarding the adequacy of their pre-clinical education (82.65%) and clinical attachments (70.40%), in equipping them with the theoretical knowledge and foundational skills necessary for managing patients with obesity. No significant difference between clinical and pre-clinical students’ knowledge was noted except concerning diagnostic criteria (preclinical: 63.33% versus clinical: 89.90 %; p < 0.001). Thematic analysis highlighted the importance of curricular obesity teaching, need for a holistic approach towards obesity, and hesitancy in treating patients with obesity. Conclusions The gap between medical students’ perceived readiness and the growing obesity epidemic is a public health concern. Without proper training, future doctors may struggle to manage obesity, posing risks to health outcomes and healthcare systems. Urgent curricular reforms are necessary to prioritize obesity education and ensure physicians are equipped to address obesity, to meet national needs. This requires collaboration among stakeholders, especially post-COVID-19, to align medical education with public health needs while addressing the severity of the obesity epidemic in Europe.