Promoting sustainable waste management in urban Malta : a composting programme for apartment complex living

Abstract

As the smallest and most densely populated member state of the European Union, Malta faces significant challenges in sustainable waste management, particularly in reducing organic waste sent to landfill. This dissertation explores adult learning and behavioural dimensions influencing household organic waste composting among apartment residents in Malta. Grounded in Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory and Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior, the study investigates how knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioural control and social norms shape individuals’ willingness to adopt composting practices through education. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to employees of a private company in Saint Julians, Malta, representing apartment dwellers. Quantitative items captured demographic, behavioural trends and insights into knowledge gaps, perceived barriers and learning preferences Three optional open-ended questions were also included to provide a complementary qualitative component to the research. Findings reveal that although most respondents separate organic waste, only a small fraction has previous composting experience, citing limited space, odour issues and pest concerns as primary barriers. Nevertheless, the majority expressed interest in learning through flexible, time efficient and digital learning formats. Based on this evidence, the study strongly suggests that structured experiential learning opportunities, including self-paced digital or blended learning tools, community demonstrations and home-based activities, are essential to adopt significant engagement with composting. Ultimately, the research highlights the potential of adult education as a catalyst for promoting sustainable waste behaviours in high-density urban contexts like Malta.